Home/Holidays/Hanukkah
Jewish Holiday

Hanukkah

חֲנוּכָּה
Chag Urim Sameach, Happy Festival of Lights

The Festival of Lights, eight nights of celebration commemorating the miracle of the Temple oil and the Maccabean victory over the Seleucid Greek empire in 165 BCE. Hanukkah begins on the twenty-fifth of Kislev and, while relatively minor in the Jewish religious calendar, has become one of the most widely recognized Jewish holidays worldwide.

One night's worth of oil that burned for eight, a small light that refused to go out.

Why It Matters

In the second century BCE, the Seleucid king Antiochus IV desecrated the Temple in Jerusalem and outlawed Jewish practice. A small band of Jewish fighters called the Maccabees, led by Judah Maccabee, launched a successful revolt and rededicated the Temple, the word Hanukkah means 'dedication' in Hebrew. When they came to relight the Temple's menorah, they found only enough ritually pure oil for one day. Miraculously, the oil burned for eight days, long enough to prepare a fresh supply. The holiday celebrates the triumph of light over darkness, the few over the many, and the preservation of religious freedom. In America, Hanukkah has taken on additional cultural significance as a celebration of Jewish identity in the December holiday season.

How It Is Observed

The central mitzvah is lighting the Hanukkiah (nine-branched menorah), one candle the first night, adding one each subsequent night, using the shamash (helper candle) to light the others. The chanukiah is placed in a window to publicize the miracle. Traditional songs including Ma'oz Tzur and Hanerot Halalu are sung. Games with the dreidel (spinning top with Hebrew letters) are played, with the letters standing for 'A great miracle happened there.' Gifts are exchanged, especially in American Jewish communities. Fried foods are central to the celebration.

Rituals & Symbols

Lighting the menorah
One flame the first night, adding one each night until all eight burn, placed in a window to publicize the miracle of the Temple oil.
The shamash
A ninth 'helper' candle kindles the others, since the Hanukkah lights themselves may only be looked at, not used for any purpose.
Dreidel
A four-sided spinning top marked with Hebrew letters standing for 'a great miracle happened there,' played for chocolate coins.
Fried foods
Latkes (potato pancakes) and sufganiyot (jelly doughnuts) are cooked in oil, an edible reminder of the miracle of the oil.
Gelt
Chocolate coins, and sometimes small gifts, are given to children, a custom that grew alongside the holiday's December prominence.

What to Say

Chag Urim Sameach, Happy Festival of Lights

"Chag Sameach" or "Happy Hanukkah" both work warmly. In Hebrew, "Chag urim sameach" means "happy festival of lights."

Scripture
This was the dedication of the altar after it was anointed, when the leaders of Israel offered from each leader, one silver platter, one silver bowl, one gold pan.
Numbers 7:84

Common Questions

When is Hanukkah in 2026?

Hanukkah 2026 begins at sundown on Friday, December 4 and continues for eight nights, ending at nightfall on Saturday, December 12.

Why is Hanukkah celebrated?

It marks the Maccabees' rededication of the Temple after defeating the Seleucid Greeks, and the miracle of one day's oil lasting eight days.

How is the menorah lit?

One candle the first night, adding one more each night, kindled with the shamash (helper candle), until all eight burn on the final night.

Is Hanukkah the 'Jewish Christmas'?

No. It is a minor festival that happens to fall near Christmas; its themes are religious freedom and light, not the December holiday season.

Why the fried foods?

Latkes and sufganiyot are cooked in oil as a delicious reminder of the oil that miraculously burned in the Temple for eight days.

Next Observed

First candle sundown, Fri Dec 4 – nightfall, Sat Dec 12, 2026 (eight nights)

Hanukkah is eight nights. A new candle is added each evening after dark; on Friday the menorah is lit before Shabbat begins.

Traditional Foods

  • Latkes (potato pancakes)
  • Sufganiyot (jelly doughnuts)
  • Gelt (chocolate coins)
  • Brisket
  • Sour cream
  • Applesauce
Traditional Greeting

Chag Urim Sameach, Happy Festival of Lights

Celebrate In Style

Jewish-American pride merch for every holiday and occasion.

Shop The Collection

Other Jewish Holidays

View All Holidays →